My Tips

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

cURL#

Command Line Options#

Specify a username and password for basic auth#

curl --user 'username:somesecurepassword' https://mysite

Specify a UserAgent to send#

curl --user-agent "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:152.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/152.0" https://mysite

Include JSON with shell variables#

generate_json_data()
{
cat <<EOF
{
"state": "NORMAL",
"content": "${content} #${cat}",
"visibility": "PRIVATE"
}
EOF
}

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ${APIToken}" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$(generate_json_data)" http://example.com/api/input

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

date#

Command Line Options#

Year-Month-Date#

date +%Y-%m-%d

Year-Month-Date Hour-Minute-Second#

date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

find#

Command Line Options#

. is the location you want to search, any folder or . for the current directory

Find specific filename#

find . -name filename

Find file/dir with sometext in the name:#

find . -iname "*sometext*"

Only find files:#

find . -type f

Only find directories:#

find . -type d

Find files modified over 2 days ago:#

find . -mtime +2

Find files modified in the last 2 minutes:#

find . -mmin -2

Find files accessed in the last 2 minutes:#

find . -amin -2

Delete all results found (only works on files and does not prompt for confirmation):#

find . -type f -delete

Execute a command on each item found (The {} is the filename):#

find . -iname "Wedding*" -exec stat {} \;

Limit the folder depth to search to 1:#

find . -maxdepth -type f

Find files with specific size in bytes:#

find . -size 0

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

gzip#

Command Line Options#

Compress a File#

Note: The file is removed during this process gzip fileName

Decompress a gz file#

gzip --decompress fileName.gz

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

jq (JSON Query)#

Command Line Options#

Select multiple#

jq '.[] | .login, .id'

Get the latest field value, but only where lts == true (boolean, for text use “value”)#

curl -s https://endoflife.date/api/mediawiki.json | jq -r '.[] | select(.lts==true) | .latest'

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

nmcli - Network Manager Command Line Interface#

Command Line Options#

See devices:#

nmcli dev status

See if WiFi is enabled:#

nmcli radio wifi

List networks#

nmcli dev wifi list

Connect to ‘My Network’ using ‘My Password’#

nmcli dev wifi connect 'My Network' password 'My Password'

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

tar#

Tar files are just a collection of files and/or folders, compression is optional.

Command Line Options#

Create a tar file of the /home/username folder#

tar -cvf user-backup-17-11-2023.tar /home/username

c - Creates a new archive
v - Enables verbose output
f - Allow the user to specify the output tar filename

Extract a tar file#

tar xvf user-backup.tar

x - Extracts the contents of the tar file

Extract a tar file to a specific folder#

tar xvf user-backup.tar --directory=myFolder

Compressing when creating a tar#

-j --bzip2 - Use bzip compression
-z --gzip - Use gzip compression
-J --xz - Use xz compression
-J --zstd - Use zstd compression

Extract a specfic file or files from an archive#

tar -xvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 full/path/of/file/in/archive.txt
tar -xvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 file1 file2

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

ufw - Uncomplicated FireWall#

Command Line Options#

Enable UFW#

ufw enable

Disable UFW#

Caution: This is a dangerous action

ufw disable

Firewall Status#

ufw status

Firewall Status With Rule Numbers#

ufw status numbered

Allow Port 80 TCP Inboud#

ufw allow 80/tcp

Delete A Rule By Number#

ufw delete ruleNumber

Delete A Rule By Action#

ufw delete allow 80/tcp

Deny From A Specific IP#

ufw deny from IPAddress

Deny From A Specific Subnet#

ufw deny from IPAddress/Mask

Insert A Rule At Position Number#

ufw insert 1 deny from IPAddress

Include A Comment About The Rule#

ufw allow 80/tcp comment 'Allow HTTP Inbound'

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

xz#

Command Line Options#

Decompress an xz File#

xz --decompress fileName.xz

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Apache Web Server#

Config Options#

Simple Static Website (HTTP)#

<VirtualHost *:80>
 # Domain name and alias
 ServerName my.domain
 ServerAlias www.my.domain

 # How to contact the site admin
 ServerAdmin admin@my.domain

 # Where the website files are
 DocumentRoot /var/www/my.domain

 # Logging
 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/my.domain-error.log
 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/my.domain-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Client-side Caching#

 # Client side caching
 <IfModule mod_expires.c>
 ExpiresActive On
 ExpiresDefault "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/jpg "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/gif "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/png "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/svg "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/webp "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType text/css "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType text/javascript "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType font/woff "access 30 days"
 ExpiresByType font/woff2 "access 30 days"
 </IfModule>

Use a Specific PHP Version#

# Force usage of PHP8.3
<FilesMatch \.php$>
 SetHandler "proxy:unix:/var/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
</FilesMatch>

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Caddy Web Server#

Config Options#

Simple fileserver#

my.domain {
 root * /var/www/html
 file_server
}

Disable HTTP to HTTPS Redirect#

Note: Global Option

{
 auto_https disable_redirects
}

Block IP, IP Range or UserAgent#

@blocked {
 remote_ip 178.104.0.0/15
 remote_ip 202.46.32.0/19
 remote_ip 43.0.0.0/9
 remote_ip 43.160.0.0/12
 remote_ip 43.152.0.0/13
 remote_ip 43.245.0.0/16
 remote_ip 43.239.0.0/16
 remote_ip 69.12.56.0/21
 header "User-Agent" *AhrefsBot*
 header "User-Agent" *Amazonbot*
 header "User-Agent" *Bytespider*
}

# Immediately close connection for blocked IPs
abort @blocked

Basic Authentication (only the contents of /Testing)#

To generate the argon2id passowrd use: echo -n 'MySecretPassword' | argon2 (tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' < /dev/urandom | head -c 64 ; echo) -id -e

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Flatpak Manifests#

Update Check (JSON)#

 "x-checker-data": {
 "type": "anitya",
 "project-id": 242933,
 "stable-only": true,
 "url-template": "https://download.kde.org/stable/kirigami-addons/kirigami-addons-$version.tar.xz"
 }

Update Check (JSON) with Version control#

 "x-checker-data": {
 "type": "anitya",
 "project-id": 242933,
 "stable-only": true,
 "versions": {
 "<": "1.12.0"
 },
 "url-template": "https://download.kde.org/stable/kirigami-addons/kirigami-addons-$version.tar.xz"
 }

Update Check (YAML)#

 x-checker-data:
 type: anitya 
 project-id: 815 
 stable-only: true 
 versions: < 1.12.0
 url-template: https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell/releases/download/$version/fish-$version.tar.xz

Update Check PyPi (JSON)#

 "x-checker-data": {
 "type": "pypi",
 "name": "random2"
 }

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

NGINX Web Server#

Basic HTTP Site#

server {
 listen 80;
 server_name my.domain;
 root /var/www/html;
 access_log /var/log/nginx/my.domain_access.log;
 error_log /var/log/nginx/my.domain_error.log;
}

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

OpenRC#

Manage System Services#

Check all service statuses#

rc-status

List services#

rc-status --list

Enable service on boot#

rc-update add serviceName default

Disable service on boot#

rc-update del serviceName default

Start/stop/restart service#

rc-service serviceName start/stop/restart

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

systemd#

Reset Failed Services#

systemctl reset-failed

Show Status#

systemctl status

Show Dependencies of a Service#

systemctl list-dependencies sericeName

Reload Systemd Service Files From Disk#

systemctl daemon-reload

Start a Service at Boot#

systemctl enable sericeName

Disable service start on boot and stop it#

systemctl disable sericeName

Check Service Status#

systemctl status sericeName

Start Service#

systemctl start sericeName

Stop Service#

systemctl stop sericeName

Restart Service#

systemctl restart sericeName

Reload Configuration for Service#

systemctl reload sericeName

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Alpine Linux#

Package Manager (apk)#

Install a package#

apk add packageName

Install a package with y/n prompt#

apk add --interactive packageName

Remove a package#

apk del packageName

Search Package Repository#

apk search searchTerm

Update Repository Metadata#

apk update

List Upgradeable Packages#

apk list --upgradeable

Upgrade#

 apk upgrade -a

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Apache Web Server#

Test configuration#

apache2ctl configtest

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Caddy Web Server#

Test configuration#

Note: Must be run in the Caddy configuration directory (e.g. /etc/caddy)

caddy validate

Reload Configuration#

caddy reload

List Enabled Modules#

caddy list-modules

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

NGINX Web Server#

Test configuration#

nginx -t

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Forgejo#

Health Check#

Append --fix to attempt to automatically resolve issues

sudo -u git forgejo doctor check --all --config /etc/forgejo/app.ini

Regenerate All Hooks#

sudo -u git forgejo admin regenerate hooks --config /etc/forgejo/app.ini